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In the oil industry, mud weight is the density of the drilling fluid and is normally measured in pounds per gallon (lb/gal) (ppg) or pound cubic feet (pcf) . [1] In the field it is measured using a mud scale or mud balance. Mud can weigh up to 22 or 23 ppg. A gallon of water typically weighs 8.33 pounds (or 7.48 ppg).
The kilogram per cubic metre (symbol: kg·m −3, or kg/m 3) is the unit of density in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined by dividing the SI unit of mass, the kilogram, by the SI unit of volume, the cubic metre. [1]
Density system unit unit-code symbol or abbrev. notes sample default conversion combination output units Metric: kilogram per cubic metre: kg/m3 kg/m 3: 1.0 kg/m 3 (1.7 lb/cu yd)
The contribution of the muscle to the specific heat of the body is approximately 47%, and the contribution of the fat and skin is approximately 24%. The specific heat of tissues range from ~0.7 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for tooth (enamel) to 4.2 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for eye (sclera). [13]
The density of formation water in saline or marine environments, such as along the Gulf Coast, is about 9.0 ppg or 1078.43 kg/m 3. Since this is the highest for both Gulf Coast water and fresh water, a normally pressured formation can be controlled with a 9.0 ppg mud.
Mud (probably from Middle Low German mudde, mod(de) 'thick mud', or Middle Dutch) [1] is loam, silt or clay mixed with water. It is usually formed after rainfall or near water sources. Ancient mud deposits hardened over geological time to form sedimentary rock such as shale or mudstone (generally called lutites ).
A mud balance, also known as a mud scale is a device used to measure the density (weight) of drilling fluid, [1] cement [2] or any type of liquid or slurry.
Air and Foam-based Mud: Air and foam-based muds use air or nitrogen to create a foam that carries the drill cuttings to the surface. These types of drilling fluids are used in wells where the formation is highly porous and prone to caving. High-density Muds:High-density muds are used in wells with high pressures and temperatures. They are made ...