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For example, (,) = has a pointwise limit of constant zero function (,) = because for every fixed y, the limit is clearly 0. This argument fails if y is not fixed: if y is very close to π /2 , the value of the fraction may deviate from 0.
In general, any infinite series is the limit of its partial sums. For example, an analytic function is the limit of its Taylor series, within its radius of convergence. = =. This is known as the harmonic series. [6]
For example, the uniform limit of a sequence of continuous functions is continuous. Many different notions of convergence can be defined on function spaces. This is sometimes dependent on the regularity of the space. Prominent examples of function spaces with some notion of convergence are Lp spaces and Sobolev space.
In mathematics, the limit inferior and limit superior of a sequence can be thought of as limiting (that is, eventual and extreme) bounds on the sequence. They can be thought of in a similar fashion for a function (see limit of a function). For a set, they are the infimum and supremum of the set's limit points, respectively. In general, when ...
Limits of functions are a special case of limits of filters, which are related to categorical limits as follows. Given a topological space X , denote by F the set of filters on X , x ∈ X a point, V ( x ) ∈ F the neighborhood filter of x , A ∈ F a particular filter and F x , A = { G ∈ F ∣ V ( x ) ∪ A ⊂ G } {\displaystyle F_{x,A ...
The function in example 1, a removable discontinuity. Consider the piecewise function = {< = >. The point = is a removable discontinuity.For this kind of discontinuity: The one-sided limit from the negative direction: = and the one-sided limit from the positive direction: + = + at both exist, are finite, and are equal to = = +.
A sequence of functions () converges uniformly to when for arbitrary small there is an index such that the graph of is in the -tube around f whenever . The limit of a sequence of continuous functions does not have to be continuous: the sequence of functions () = (marked in green and blue) converges pointwise over the entire domain, but the limit function is discontinuous (marked in red).
The one-sided limit to a point corresponds to the general definition of limit, with the domain of the function restricted to one side, by either allowing that the function domain is a subset of the topological space, or by considering a one-sided subspace, including . [1] [verification needed] Alternatively, one may consider the domain with a ...