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Additionally, another issue caused by humans which impacts marine life is marine plastic pollution, which poses a threat to marine life. [6] According to the IPCC (2019), since 1950 "many marine species across various groups have undergone shifts in geographical range and seasonal activities in response to ocean warming, sea ice change and ...
Marine pollution caused by plastic substances is recognized as an issue of the highest magnitude, from a pollution perspective. [27] A majority of plastics used in people's day to day lives are never recycled. Single use plastics of this kind contribute significantly to the 8 million tons of plastic waste found in the ocean each year. [2]
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) created The Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities to protect marine ecosystems. [15] They also passed the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships in 1973 to prevent ship-based pollution to the ocean.
Marine debris is defined as any persistent solid material that is manufactured or processed and directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, disposed of or abandoned into the marine environment or the Great Lakes. [36] Debris may arrive directly from a ship or indirectly when washed out to sea via rivers, streams, and storm drains.
The Marine Pollution Bulletin is an open access scientific journal that focuses on the study of marine pollution and its effects on the environment and human health. The journal was first published in 1971 and is currently published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Maritime Organization .
In spite of the arising issues with marine challenges, Project AWARE has continued to grow towards meeting the needs of the marine ecosystem as they see fit. Marine debris and shark and ray conservation activism are the two most prevalent issues that are being further worked toward improving since 2011. [19]
Plastics accounts for 80% of waste dispersed in the marine and coastal environment of the Mediterranean Sea. [24] Recent studies focus on the types of plastics found and primarily on the issue of microplastics, both at a global but also at a regional level, as in the case of the Mediterranean Sea, which was identified as a "target hotspot of the world" due to its amounts of microplastics ...
Marine conservation is informed by the study of marine plants and animal resources and ecosystem functions and is driven by response to the manifested negative effects seen in the environment such as species loss, habitat degradation and changes in ecosystem functions [1] and focuses on limiting human-caused damage to marine ecosystems ...