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The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the subfields of the hippocampus, in the hippocampal formation.The hippocampal formation is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, and includes the hippocampus (including CA1 to CA4) subfields, and other subfields including the dentate gyrus, subiculum, and presubiculum.
The hippocampal subfields are four subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 that make up the structure of the hippocampus.Regions described in the hippocampus are the head, body, and tail, and other hippocampal subfields include the dentate gyrus, the presubiculum, and the subiculum.
The hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and other subfields make up the hippocampal formation. The dentate gyrus contains the fascia dentata and the hilus. The CA is differentiated into subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4. CA4 is often not referred to since it has been shown to be the deep, polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus. [37] [38] [39]
The dentate gyrus consists of three layers: molecular, granular, and polymorphic. Granule neurons, which are the most prominent type of DG cells, are mainly found in the granular layer. These granule cells are the major source of input of the hippocampal formation, receiving most of their information from layer II of the entorhinal cortex, via ...
Typically, the hippocampal formation is said to included the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus, and the subiculum. [2] The presubiculum, parasubiculum, and the entorhinal cortex may also be included. [3] The hippocampal formation is thought to play a role in memory, spatial navigation and control of attention.
The principal cell type of the dentate gyrus is the granule cell. The dentate gyrus granule cell has an elliptical cell body with a width of approximately 10 μm and a height of 18μm. [3] The granule cell has a characteristic cone-shaped tree of spiny apical dendrites.
Diagram of the human heart showing blood oxygenation to the pulmonary and systemic circulation. The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body providing nutrients and oxygen to every cell, and removing waste products. The left heart pumps oxygenated blood returned from the lungs to the rest of the body in the systemic circulation.
The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns the oxygenated blood to the heart to supply the rest of the body. [32] The blood volume of the lungs is about 450 millilitres on average, about 9% of the total blood volume of the entire circulatory system.