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During the deep learning era, attention mechanism was developed to solve similar problems in encoding-decoding. [1]In machine translation, the seq2seq model, as it was proposed in 2014, [24] would encode an input text into a fixed-length vector, which would then be decoded into an output text.
For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...
Multi-head attention enhances this process by introducing multiple parallel attention heads. Each attention head learns different linear projections of the Q, K, and V matrices. This allows the model to capture different aspects of the relationships between words in the sequence simultaneously, rather than focusing on a single aspect.
The adaptive mixtures of local experts [5] [6] uses a gaussian mixture model.Each expert simply predicts a gaussian distribution, and totally ignores the input. Specifically, the -th expert predicts that the output is (,), where is a learnable parameter.
Graph attention network is a combination of a GNN and an attention layer. The implementation of attention layer in graphical neural networks helps provide attention or focus to the important information from the data instead of focusing on the whole data. A multi-head GAT layer can be expressed as follows:
If a multilayer perceptron has a linear activation function in all neurons, that is, a linear function that maps the weighted inputs to the output of each neuron, then linear algebra shows that any number of layers can be reduced to a two-layer input-output model.
In recent years, Transformers, which rely on self-attention mechanisms instead of recurrence, have become the dominant architecture for many sequence-processing tasks, particularly in natural language processing, due to their superior handling of long-range dependencies and greater parallelizability. Nevertheless, RNNs remain relevant for ...
The torch package also simplifies object-oriented programming and serialization by providing various convenience functions which are used throughout its packages. The torch.class(classname, parentclass) function can be used to create object factories ().