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Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a low level of phosphate in the blood. [1] Symptoms may include weakness, trouble breathing, and loss of appetite. [ 1 ] Complications may include seizures , coma , rhabdomyolysis , or softening of the bones .
Also, a life-threatening consequence of hyperglycemia can be nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome. [16] Perioperative hyperglycemia has been associated with immunosuppression, increased infections, osmotic diuresis, delayed wound healing, delayed gastric emptying, sympatho-adrenergic stimulation, and increased mortality.
The complications of diabetes can dramatically impair quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. Overall, complications are far less common and less severe in people with well-controlled blood sugar levels. [3] [4] [5] Some non-modifiable risk factors such as age at diabetes onset, type of diabetes, gender, and genetics may influence risk.
The diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia is made through measuring the concentration of phosphate in the blood. A phosphate concentration greater than 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL) is indicative of hyperphosphatemia, though further tests may be needed to identify the underlying cause of the elevated phosphate levels. [ 5 ]
Delayed growth and development are common symptoms of phosphate diabetes in children, resulting in stunted growth and a shorter stature compared to their peers. This symptom is typically one of the earliest indicators of the disorder and may require treatment with growth hormone therapy to promote normal growth and development. [citation needed]
The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes. When diabetes is the cause, physicians typically recommend an anti-diabetic medication as treatment. From the perspective of the majority of patients, treatment with an old, well-understood diabetes drug such as metformin will be the safest, most effective, least expensive, most comfortable ...
Fanconi syndrome or Fanconi's syndrome (English: / f ɑː n ˈ k oʊ n i /, / f æ n-/) is a syndrome of inadequate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules [1] of the kidney.The syndrome can be caused by various underlying congenital or acquired diseases, by toxicity (for example, from toxic heavy metals), or by adverse drug reactions. [2]
Other conditions that can cause unconsciousness in a person with diabetes are stroke, uremic encephalopathy, alcohol, drug overdose, head injury, or seizure. Most patients do not reach the point of unconsciousness or coma in cases of diabetic hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, or severe hyperosmolarity before a family member or caretaker ...
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