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Serotonin (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t oʊ n ɪ n, ˌ s ɪər ə-/) [6] [7] [8] or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.Its biological function is complex, touching on diverse functions including mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction.
The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT 1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptors, or 5-HT receptors, that binds serotonin, also known as 5-HT, a neurotransmitter. 5-HT1A is expressed in the brain, spleen, and neonatal kidney.
The 7 general serotonin receptor classes include a total of 14 known serotonin receptors. [9] The 15th receptor 5-HT 1P has been distinguished on the basis of functional and radioligand binding studies, its existence has never been definitely affirmed or refuted. [10] [11] The specific types have been characterized as follows: [12] [13] [14]
Dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition resides in different enantiomers for arylthiomethyl morpholine scaffold. [41] Possible drug candidates with dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitory activity have also been derived from piperazine, 3-amino-pyrrolidine and benzylamine templates. [42]
Spasmolytics, also known as "centrally acting" muscle relaxant, are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions. While both neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics are often grouped together as muscle relaxant, [1] [2] the term is commonly used to refer to spasmolytics only ...
Clonazepam has also been found effective in treating other anxiety disorders, such as social phobia, but this is an off-label use. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] The effectiveness of clonazepam in the short-term treatment of panic disorder has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials .
Imipramine is similar in structure to some muscle relaxants, and has a significant analgesic effect and, thus, is very useful in some pain conditions. The mechanisms of imipramine's actions include, but are not limited to, effects on: Serotonin: very strong reuptake inhibition. Imipramine is a tertiary TCA, and is a potent inhibitor of ...
The most common way to measure intoxication for legal or medical purposes is through blood alcohol content (also called blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level). It is usually expressed as a percentage of alcohol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood, or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country.