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Xianxia (traditional Chinese: 仙俠; simplified Chinese: 仙侠; pinyin: xiānxiá; lit. 'immortal heroes') is a genre of Chinese fantasy heavily inspired by Chinese mythology and influenced by philosophies of Taoism, Chan Buddhism, Chinese martial arts, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese folk religion, Chinese alchemy, other traditional elements of Chinese culture, [1] and the wuxia genre.
Wuxia (武俠, literally "martial arts and chivalry") is a genre of Chinese fiction concerning the adventures of martial artists in ancient China. Although wuxia is traditionally a form of historical fantasy literature, its popularity has caused it to be adapted for such diverse art forms as Chinese opera, manhua, television dramas, films, and video games.
[1]: 230 They are some of the earliest Chinese literature written in the form of short and medium-length stories and have provided valuable inspiration plot-wise and in other ways for fiction and drama in later eras. Many were preserved in the 10th-century anthology, Taiping Guangji (Extensive Records of the Taiping Era). [2]
Wulin (Chinese: 武林; lit. 'martial forest') is the fictional society of Chinese martial arts heroes in Wuxia fiction. Wulin is considered a part of the broader term jianghu, which refers to the underworld of bandits and other elements that live outside the mainstream of Chinese society.
Of the two characters of the term, yóu (遊) literally means to "wander", "travel" or "move around", and xiá (俠) means someone with power who helps others in need. The term refers to the way these solitary men travelled the land using physical force or political influence to right the wrongs done to the common people by the powers that be, often judged by their personal codes of chivalry.
The meaning of the term jianghu has evolved over the course of Chinese history, but usually refers to the martial arts world of ancient China. [4] First coined by Zhuangzi in the late 4th century BC, it referred to a way of life different from that of being actively involved in politics.
Wu Shuang Pu (Chinese: 無雙譜; lit. 'Table of Peerless Heroes') is a book of woodcut prints, first printed in 1694, early on in the Qing dynasty.This book contains the biographies and imagined portraits of 40 notable heroes and heroines from the Han dynasty to the Song dynasty, all accompanied by a brief introduction and guided by a related poem in yuefu style.
Ernü Yingxiong Zhuan (simplified Chinese: 儿女英雄传; traditional Chinese: 兒女英雄傳; lit. 'The Story of Heroic Boys and Heroic Girls'), sometimes translated into English as A Tale of Lovers and Heroes and A Tale of Heroic Lovers, is a Chinese novel in 40 chapters first printed in 1878 during the late Qing dynasty.