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Aflatoxin B 1 and B 2 (AFB), produced by A. flavus and A. parasiticus; Aflatoxin G 1 and G 2 (AFG), produced by some Group II A. flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus [19] Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1), metabolite of aflatoxin B 1 in humans and animals (exposure in ng levels may come from a mother's milk)
In cows, sheep, goats and buffaloes that have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B 1, aflatoxin M 1 will be formed as a result of the metabolic process in the livers of ruminants and excreted in their milk. Humans can be exposed to the toxins through consumption of contaminated milk and other foods. [2]
[7] [8] The four major aflatoxins are called B1, B2, G1, and G2 based on their fluorescence under UV light (blue or green) and relative chromatographic mobility during thin-layer chromatography. Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent natural carcinogen known [9] and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic strains. It is also the best ...
The most dangerous type are aflatoxins, which can be carcinogenic to humans, ... The mold you can see growing on food may penetrate much deeper than surface-level, the experts note. ...
US food safety regulations have set a maximum permitted level of 20 μg/kg for aflatoxin B 1, in combination with the other aflatoxins (B 2, G 1 and G 2) in all foods, with the exception of milk which has a maximum permitted level of 0.5 μg/kg. Higher levels of 100–300 μg/kg are tolerable for some animal feeds. [48] [49] European Union (EU)
Aflatoxin B 1, the most toxic, is a potent carcinogen and has been directly correlated to adverse health effects, such as liver cancer, in many animal species. [11] Aflatoxins are largely associated with commodities produced in the tropics and subtropics, such as cotton, peanuts, spices, pistachios, and maize.
A. parasiticus produces aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, named for the colours emitted under UV light on thin-layer chromatography plates—either blue and green. The numbers refer to the type of compound with 1 being major and 2 being minor. [3] These aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins which have detrimental effects to humans and livestock. [4]
A total of 90 shelled eggs, one gallon of milk, tomatoes and roughly nine cartons of whipped cream were measured at 59 to 70 degrees, making them “unfit for human consumption,” the report said.