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Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation. [1] [2] While the Indus Valley Civilisation was divided into Early, Mature, and Late Harappan by archaeologists like Mortimer Wheeler, [3] newer periodisations include the Neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stage–phase model, [1] [4] [3] often combining terminology from various systems.
Indus Valley Civilisation Alternative names Harappan civilisation ancient Indus Indus civilisation Geographical range Basins of the Indus river, Pakistan and the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river, eastern Pakistan and northwestern India Period Bronze Age South Asia Dates c. 3300 – c. 1300 BCE Type site Harappa Major sites Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi Preceded by Mehrgarh ...
Localisation Era/Late Harappan OCP/Cemetery H: 1900-1500 BCE: Earliest known rice cultivation [a] Culture: Localisation Era/Late Harappan OCP • Cemetery H • Early Vedic period • Gandhara grave culture: Megalithic (c. 1400-1100 BCE) 1500-1300 BCE: Indo-Aryan migration: 1300-1100 BCE: Wandering Vedic Aryans: IRON AGE (c. 1100-300 BCE ...
The Harappan architecture and Harappan Civilization was one of the most developed in the old Bronze Age. The Harappan Civilization has its earliest roots in cultures such as that of Mehrgarh, approximately 6000 BC. The two greatest cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, emerged c. 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh. [7]
The Indus Valley Civilization expand across the whole of modern-day Pakistan, much of northern India, and large parts of Afghanistan, with Harappa and Mohenjo-daro becoming large metropolises. [20] 2600 BCE: End of the Early Indus Valley Civilization culture. Start of Mature Indus Valley Civilization culture
Pre-Harappan farming communities date back to Neolithic time which ultimately evolved into urban Harappan civilization. [7] [8] Explorations and archaeological findings establish the dateline of Pre-Harappan culture from 2700 BC to 2100 BC followed by Harappan period from 2100 BC onwards. [9] Some of the regions showing pre-Harappan culture ...
According to Jarrige, period I of Nausharo corresponds to Mehrgarth VII, while periods II and III were during the mature Harappan civilization. [3] The more detailed chronology of Nausharo is usually given as follows, Period IA c. 2900-2800 BC; Period IB c. 2800-2700 BC; Period IC c. 2700-2600 BC; Period ID c. 2600-2550 BC (transition period)
The cities of Harappa [13] and Mohenjo-daro [14] become large metropolises and the civilization expands to over 2,500 cities and settlements across the whole region of modern-day Pakistan and also some areas of Afghanistan and India, [15] covering a region of around one million square miles, which was larger than the land area of its ...