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Sir James Chadwick (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for his discovery of the neutron.In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts.
[59] [6] [60] [61] Chadwick won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for this discovery. [62] The year 1932 was later referred to as the "annus mirabilis" for nuclear physics in the Cavendish Laboratory, [58] with discoveries of the neutron, artificial nuclear disintegration by the Cockcroft–Walton particle accelerator, and the positron.
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to a total of 965 individuals and 27 organizations as of 2023. [1] The following 26 Nobel laureates worked on the Manhattan Project: Awarded Nobel Prize before working on the Manhattan Project
During his tenure, Nobel prizes were awarded to James Chadwick for discovering the neutron (in 1932), John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton for an experiment that was to be known as splitting the atom using a particle accelerator, and Edward Appleton for demonstrating the existence of the ionosphere.
John Bardeen is the only laureate to win the prize twice—in 1956 and 1972. William Lawrence Bragg was the youngest Nobel laureate in physics; he won the prize in 1915 at the age of 25. He was also the youngest laureate for any Nobel prize until 2014 (when Malala Yousafzai won the Nobel Peace Prize at the age of 17). [6]
[11] [12] In 1932, James Chadwick discovered an uncharged particle of approximately the mass as the proton, which he called the neutron. [13] The fact that the atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons was rapidly accepted and Chadwick was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for his discovery. [14]
Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. [12] She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911. [11]
Chadwick quickly performed a series of experiments that showed that the new radiation consisted of uncharged particles with about the same mass as the proton. [60] [61] [62] These properties matched Rutherford's hypothesized neutron. Chadwick won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery. [2]