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Cellulose nitrate (c. 1889 – c. 1950) is the first of film supports.It can be found as roll film, motion picture film, and sheet film. It is difficult to determine the dates when all nitrate film was discontinued, however, Eastman Kodak last manufactured nitrate film in 1951. [1]
Cellulose triacetate superseded nitrate as the film industry's mainstay base very quickly. While Kodak had discontinued some nitrate film stocks earlier, it stopped producing various nitrate roll films in 1950 and ceased production of nitrate 35 mm motion picture film in 1951. [49]
The year 1978 was particularly devastating for film archives when both the United States National Archives and Records Administration and George Eastman House had their nitrate film vaults auto-ignite. Eastman House lost the original camera negatives for 329 films, while the National Archives lost 12.6 million feet of newsreel footage.
Kodak discontinued the manufacture of nitrate base in 1951, and the industry transitioned entirely to safety film in 1951 in the United States and by 1955 internationally. Since the late 1990s, almost all release prints have used polyester film stock.
Fine Grain Release Positive, Type 825 B and A, B&W (discontinued) TV Recording Film, Type 834 B and A, B&W (discontinued) The 1969 list is identical to 1966. [8] 1969 is the last appearance of DuPont motion picture film stocks in the American Cinematographer Manual. The list below is from 1970; "A" was 16mm, "B" was 35mm. [9]
Products and services discontinued in 2024 (2 C, 44 P) Products and services discontinued in 2025 (3 P) R. Railway services by year of discontinuance (104 C) V.
Movies of the first half of the 20th century were filmed on an unstable, highly flammable cellulose nitrate film base, which required careful storage to slow its inevitable process of decomposition over time. [5] Most films made on nitrate stock were not preserved; over the years, their negatives and prints crumbled into powder or dust. [10]
1889: Film negatives Cellulose nitrate film was developed by Eastman Kodak in 1889 and refined in 1903. It is made of silver gelatin on a cellulose nitrate base. The negatives are flammable and therefore can be dangerous. Nitrate sheet film was used widely though the 1930s, while nitrate roll film was used through the 1950s.