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The allocortex (from Latin allo-, meaning other, and cortex, meaning bark or crust), or heterogenetic cortex, and neocortex are the two types of cerebral cortex in the brain. In the human brain, the allocortex is the much smaller area of cortex taking up just 10%; the neocortex takes up the remaining 90%. [1]
The allocortex is the part of the cerebral cortex with three or four layers, and has three subtypes, the paleocortex with three cortical laminae, the archicortex which has four or five, and a transitional area adjacent to the allocortex, the periallocortex. Examples of allocortex are the olfactory cortex and the hippocampus.
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an area of the brain's allocortex, located in the medial temporal lobe, whose functions include being a widespread network hub for memory, navigation, and the perception of time. [1] The EC is the main interface between the hippocampus and neocortex.
The paleocortex (or paleopallium) and the archicortex (or the archipallium) of the cerebral cortex together constitute the mammalian allocortex or the heterogenetic cortex. The distinction for what is called neocortex or isocortex, which comprises most of the human brain (about 90%), is made from the number of cellular layers that the structure ...
Beneath the cortex is the cerebral white matter. The largest part of the cerebral cortex is the neocortex, which has six neuronal layers. The rest of the cortex is of allocortex, which has three or four layers. [7] The cortex is mapped by divisions into about fifty different functional areas known as Brodmann's areas.
Mesocortex (also called juxtallocortex) is the transitional areas of the cerebral cortex, formed at borders between true isocortex and true allocortex (either paleocortex or archicortex). Parts of mesocortex that lie closer to the true isocortex and have more resemblance to the isocortex in their cytoarchitectonics and histology , are called ...
The cerebral cortex, in this case of a rhesus macaque monkey, is the outer layer depicted in dark violet.. In anatomy and zoology, the cortex (pl.: cortices) is the outermost, otherwise known as superficial, layer of an organ.
The hippocampus, as pointed out above, is in essence part of the allocortex. Only mammals have a fully developed cortex, but the structure it evolved from, called the pallium, is present in all vertebrates, even the most primitive ones such as the lamprey or hagfish. [157] The pallium is usually divided into three zones: medial, lateral and dorsal.