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In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. [1] In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with side chains ), and all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single .
1.174 546 744 990 17 × 10 19: C 46 H 94: n-hexatetracontane: 47 58 481 806 621 987 010: 3.659 736 342 498 25 × 10 19: C 47 H 96: n-heptatetracontane: 48 156 192 366 474 590 639: 1.141 606 809 779 03 × 10 20: C 48 H 98: n-octatetracontane: 49 417 612 400 765 382 272: 3.564 926 050 353 17 × 10 20: C 49 H 100: n-nonatetracontane: 50 1 117 743 ...
The corresponding homologous series of primary straight-chained alcohols comprises methanol (CH 4 O), ethanol (C 2 H 6 O), 1-propanol (C 3 H 8 O), 1-butanol, and so on. The single-ring cycloalkanes form another such series, starting with cyclopropane .
Simple cycloalkanes have a prefix "cyclo-" to distinguish them from alkanes. Cycloalkanes are named as per their acyclic counterparts with respect to the number of carbon atoms in their backbones, e.g., cyclopentane (C 5 H 10) is a cycloalkane with 5 carbon atoms just like pentane (C 5 H 12), but they are
Cyclopropane is the cycloalkane with the molecular formula (CH 2) 3, consisting of three methylene groups (CH 2) linked to each other to form a triangular ring.The small size of the ring creates substantial ring strain in the structure.
arene (unsaturated) vs cycloalkane (saturated) For organic compounds containing heteroatoms (other than C and H), the list of unsaturated groups is long but some common types are: carbonyl, e.g. ketones, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acids (unsaturated) vs alcohol or ether (saturated) nitrile (unsaturated) vs amine (saturated)
c 8 h 12 + 2 h 2 → c 8 h 16 Cyclooctane participates in no reactions except those typical of other saturated hydrocarbons, combustion and free radical halogenation . Work in 2009 on alkane functionalisation, using peroxides such as dicumyl peroxide, has opened up the chemistry to some extent, allowing for example the introduction of a ...
1,2-Dimethylcyclopropane is a cycloalkane consisting of a cyclopropane ring substituted with two methyl groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms. [1] It has three stereoisomers , one cis -isomer and a pair of trans - enantiomers , which differ depending on the orientation of the two methyl groups.