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In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. [1] In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with side chains ), and all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single .
C 5 H 10 is the molecular formula of 13 hydrocarbon isomers (represented by their CAS numbers on the chart). They can be divided into cycloalkanes and alkenes . Cycloalkanes
Number of C atoms Number of isomers [3] [4] Number of isomers including stereoisomers [3] [5] Molecular Formula Name of straight chain Synonyms 1 1 1 CH 4: methane: methyl hydride; natural gas
Cyclopropane is the cycloalkane with the molecular formula (CH 2) 3, consisting of three methylene groups (CH 2) linked to each other to form a triangular ring.The small size of the ring creates substantial ring strain in the structure.
Therefore ring strain is less prominent compared to other cycloalkanes as there is minimal deviation from the ideal tetrahedral bond angle, 109.5 degrees. However, in a planar molecule such as (1 R ,3 R )-1,2,3-trimethylcyclopentane eclipsing interactions of adjacent C-H, adjacent methyl groups, and adjacent methyl groups & C-H bonds can ...
In alkanes, optimum overlap of atomic orbitals is achieved at 109.5°. The most common cyclic compounds have five or six carbons in their ring. [6] Adolf von Baeyer received a Nobel Prize in 1905 for the discovery of the Baeyer strain theory, which was an explanation of the relative stabilities of cyclic molecules in 1885.
Cycloalkane conformations, including medium rings and macrocycles; Carbohydrate conformation, which includes cyclohexane conformations as well as other details. Allylic strain – energetics related to rotation about the single bond between an sp 2 carbon and an sp 3 carbon. Atropisomerism – due to restricted rotation about a bond.
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