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Dobutamine is a medication used in the treatment of cardiogenic shock (as a result of inadequate tissue perfusion) and severe heart failure. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It may also be used in certain types of cardiac stress tests . [ 2 ]
Naturally produced hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine or synthetic drugs such as dobutamine can be collectively regarded as beta-agonists. Specifically, dobutamine selectively binds to β1 receptors located on the surface of specialised cardiac muscle cells. [16]
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Most agonists of the beta receptors are selective for one or more beta-adrenoreceptors. For example, patients with low heart rate are given beta agonist treatments that are more "cardio-selective" such as dobutamine, which increases the force of contraction of the heart muscle.
Some substances do both (e.g. dopamine, dobutamine). If low blood pressure is due to blood loss, then preparations increasing volume of blood circulation—plasma-substituting solutions such as colloid and crystalloid solutions (salt solutions) [1] —will raise the blood pressure without any direct vasopressor activity.
Likewise, it was inactive in humans at oral doses of up to 25 mg. [3] [6] [11] [12] [13] On the other hand, it did still produce hyperthermia in rabbits similarly to other DOx drugs, albeit with dramatically reduced potency. [14] [10] [6] DOTB was first described in the scientific literature by 1974. [14]
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Dobutamine is one of the adrenergic drugs and agonists that selectively bind to ADRB-1 and is often used in treatments of cardiogenic shock and heart failure. [20] It is also important to note the use of illicit drug for ADRB-1 since cocaine, beta-blocking agents, or other sympathetic stimulators may cause a medical emergency.