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COX is a common target for anti-inflammatory drugs. The most significant difference between the isoenzymes, which allows for selective inhibition, is the substitution of isoleucine at position 523 in COX-1 with valine in COX-2. The smaller Val 523 residue in COX-2 allows access to a hydrophobic side-pocket in the enzyme (which Ile 523 ...
These alternate metabolites of COX-1 may contribute to its activities. COX-1 promotes the production of the natural mucus lining that protects the inner stomach and contributes to reduced acid secretion and reduced pepsin content. [18] [19] COX-1 is normally present in a variety of areas of the body, including not only the stomach but any site ...
Cyclooxygenases have two main isoforms that are called COX-1 and COX-2 (as well as a COX-3). COX-1 is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandin and thromboxane in many types of cells, including the gastro-intestinal tract and blood platelets. COX-2 plays a major role in prostaglandin biosynthesis in inflammatory cells and in the central ...
The COX-2 enzyme was discovered in 1988 by Daniel Simmons, a Brigham Young University researcher. [30] The mouse COX-2 gene was cloned by UCLA scientist Harvey Herschman, a finding published in 1991. [31] The basic research leading to the discovery of COX-2 inhibitors has been the subject of at least two lawsuits.
5743 19225 Ensembl ENSG00000073756 ENSMUSG00000032487 UniProt P35354 Q05769 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000963 NM_011198 RefSeq (protein) NP_000954 NP_035328 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 186.67 – 186.68 Mb Chr 1: 149.98 – 149.98 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (HUGO PTGS2), is an enzyme that in humans is ...
Structure of COX-2 inactivated by Aspirin. In the active site of each of the two enzymes, Serine 516 has been acetylated. Also visible is the salicylic acid which has transferred the acetyl group, and the heme cofactor. There are at least two different cyclooxygenase isozymes: COX-1 (PTGS1) and COX-2 (PTGS2).
COX-3 is the third and most recently discovered cyclooxygenase (COX3050) isozyme, while the first two to be discovered were COX-1 and COX-2. The COX-3 isozyme is encoded by the same gene as COX-1, with the difference that COX-3 retains an intron that is not retained in COX-1. [1] [2]
Rofecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, or "coxib". Though the class of coxibs includes several agents, degrees of COX-2 selectivity vary among them, with celecoxib (Celebrex) being the least COX-2 selective, and rofecoxib (Vioxx), valdecoxib (Bextra), and etoricoxib (Arcoxia), being highly COX-2 selective. [10]