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Light pipes are tubes or cylinders of solid material used to guide light a short distance. In electronics, plastic light pipes are used to guide light from LEDs on a circuit board to the user interface surface. In buildings, light pipes are used to transfer illumination from outside the building to where it is needed inside. [citation needed]
A tube and pipe may be specified by standard pipe size designations, e.g., nominal pipe size, or by nominal outside or inside diameter and/or wall thickness. The actual dimensions of pipe are usually not the nominal dimensions: A 1-inch pipe will not actually measure 1 inch in either outside or inside diameter, whereas many types of tubing are ...
Pipe threads for tubes and fittings; parallel internal thread and taper external thread; tread dimensions: Withdrawn: DIN EN 10226-1: EN 10226-1: DIN 2999-2: Whitworth Pipe Threads for Tubes and Fittings; Cylindrical Internal Thread and Conical External Thread, Gauging System and Use of Gauges: Withdrawn: DIN EN 10226-3: EN 10226-3: DIN 2999-3
Pipe is usually delivered to a customer or jobsite as either "sticks" or lengths of pipe (typically 20 feet (6.1 m), called single random length) or they are prefabricated with elbows, tees and valves into a prefabricated pipe spool [A pipe spool is a piece of pre-assembled pipe and fittings, usually prepared in a shop so that installation on ...
The pipe is coated with a 99.3% specular reflective film and the distribution element at the end of the light pipe consists of a 4.6 m long diffusing radial film with an 87% visible transmittance. The light pipe introduces consistently illuminance levels ranging between 300 and 2,500 lux throughout the year at distances between 7.6 m to 10 m. [12]
Example of pipe marking through colors and symbols (arrows) to indicated pipe contents (colors) and flow direction (arrows). Pipe marking on a natural gas pipe In the process industry , chemical industry , manufacturing industry , and other commercial and industrial contexts, pipe marking is used to identify the contents, properties and flow ...
While pipe sizes in Australia are inch-based, they are classified by outside rather than inside diameter (e.g., a nominal 3 ⁄ 4 inch copper pipe in Australia has measured diameters of 0.750 inches outside and 0.638 inches inside, whereas a nominal 3 ⁄ 4 inch copper pipe in the U.S. and Canada has measured diameters of 0.875 inch outside and ...
The material with which a pipe is manufactured often forms as the basis for choosing any pipe. Materials that are used for manufacturing pipes include: Carbon steel; ASTM A252 Spec Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3 Steel Pile Pipe; Plastic piping, e.g. HDPE pipe, PE-X pipe, PP-R pipe or LDPE pipe. [11] Low temperature service carbon steel; Stainless steel