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Gametogenesis is the formation or production of gametes (taking place during meiosis). The development and maturation of sex cells also takes place during meiosis. Gametogenesis is also the process of formation in male and female gametes that occur in the gonads (ovary and testis). Both male and female produce gametes.
Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes. Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism , gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into various gametes, or by mitosis.
26423 Ensembl ENSG00000136931 ENSMUSG00000026751 UniProt Q13285 P33242 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004959 NM_139051 NM_001316687 RefSeq (protein) NP_004950 NP_004950.2 NP_001303616 NP_620639 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 124.48 – 124.51 Mb Chr 2: 38.58 – 38.6 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) protein is a transcription factor involved in sex ...
Its role as a master regulator of morphogenesis during human development makes it an ideal candidate for perturbation in malignant tissues. Specifically, SOX9 appears to induce invasiveness and therapy-resistance in prostate, [ 20 ] colorectal, [ 21 ] breast [ 22 ] and other cancers, and therefore promotes lethal metastasis. [ 23 ]
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, 17β-estradiol, endorphins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) synthesis are rapidly upregulated by the developing embryo following fertilization of the ovum. [1] [2] [3] During early embryonic development, paracrine/juxtacrine signaling of hCG induces blastulation and neurulation.
Primordial germ cells are among the first lineages that are established in development [1] and they are the precursors for gametes. [2] It is thought that the process of primordial germ cell migration itself has been conserved rather than the specific mechanisms within it, as chemoattraction and repulsion seem to have been borrowed from blood cells, neurones, and the mesoderm. [1]
The human Y chromosome is particularly exposed to high mutation rates due to the environment in which it is housed. The Y chromosome is passed exclusively through sperm, which undergo multiple cell divisions during gametogenesis. Each cellular division provides further opportunity to accumulate base pair mutations.
The cytoplasm of two parent cells fuse during plasmogamy and the nuclei fuse during karyogamy. New haploid gametes are formed during meiosis and develop into spores. The adaptive basis for the maintenance of sexual reproduction in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota ( dikaryon ) fungi was reviewed by Wallen and Perlin. [ 50 ]