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The Polish law or legal system in Poland has been developing since the first centuries of Polish history, over 1,000 years ago. The public and private laws of Poland are codified. The supreme law in Poland is the Constitution of Poland. Poland is a civil law legal jurisdiction and has a civil code, the Civil Code of Poland.
A less severe form of involuntary termination is often referred to as a layoff (also redundancy or being made redundant in British English). A layoff is usually not strictly related to personal performance but instead due to economic cycles or the company's need to restructure itself, the firm itself going out of business, or a change in the function of the employer (for example, a certain ...
As of 1998, spending on pensions was the biggest part of social spending in Poland and the pension system in Poland has been described as "one of the most costly... in Central and Eastern Europe." [ 6 ] Rutkowski (1998) has criticized the system as being "too generous" and offering too many opportunities for early retirement.
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland [1] (Polish: Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej or Konstytucja RP for short) is the supreme law of the Republic of Poland, which is also commonly called the Third Polish Republic (Polish: III Rzeczpospolita or III RP for short) in contrast with the preceding systems.
The social security system in Poland includes the following components: [1] Social insurance and welfare system; Health insurance system (see pl:Ubezpieczenie zdrowotne and Health care in Poland) Unemployment benefits; Family benefits; The main institutions responsible for social security are: [1]
The scheme summarising the structure and appeal sequences of the Polish judiciary, using names provided by the Ministry of Justice [7] A map of Polish common courts, with those of the same hue belonging to the same district court, and areas of roughly the same colour belonging under the jurisdiction of an appeal court [c]
Prior to the May 3 Constitution, in Poland the term "constitution" (Polish: konstytucja) had denoted all the legislation, of whatever character, that had been passed at a sejm. [34] Only with the adoption of the May 3 Constitution did konstytucja assume its modern sense of a fundamental document of governance. [ 35 ]
Visa requirements for Polish citizens are public health and administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Poland. As of 2025, Polish citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 188 countries and territories, ranking the Polish passport 7th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index .