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Although the chemical formula for THC (C 21 H 30 O 2) describes multiple isomers, [10] the term THC usually refers to the delta-9-THC isomer with chemical name (−)-trans-Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. It is a colorless oil.
The Δ 9 isomer of THCP occurs naturally in cannabis, but in small amounts. A 2021 study reported the content of Δ 9 -THCP ranging from 0.0023% to 0.0136% (w/w) (approximately 0.02–0.13 mg/g) without correlation to THC percentage in Δ 9 -THC -dominant strains of cannabis; that study failed to detect THCP in CBD -dominant strains.
Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (Δ 9-THCC, (C1)-Δ 9-THC) is a phytocannabinoid found in Cannabis pollen. [1] It is a homologue of THC and THCV with the alkyl side chain replaced by a smaller methyl group.
Delta-9-THC is the primary molecule responsible for the effects of cannabis. Delta-9-THC is metabolized in the liver and turns into 11-OH-THC. [64] 11-OH-THC is the first metabolic product in this pathway. Both Delta-9-THC and 11-OH-THC are psychoactive.
In Phase III trials, the most common adverse effects were dizziness, drowsiness and disorientation; 12% of subjects stopped taking the drug because of the side effects. [57] Dronabinol (brand names Marinol and Syndros) is a delta-9-THC containing drug for treating HIV/AIDS-induced anorexia and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [58]
The short-term effects of cannabis are caused by many chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113 [clarification needed] different cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, and 120 terpenes, [1] which allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.
While dronabinol was initially approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 31, 1985, [21] it was not until May 13, 1986, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), issued a Final Rule and Statement of Policy authorizing the "rescheduling of synthetic dronabinol in sesame oil and encapsulated in soft gelatin capsules from Schedule I to Schedule II" (DEA 51 FR 17476-78).
Nabiximols (brand name Sativex), an oromucosal spray made of a complex botanical mixture containing cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and additional cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid constituents from cannabis sativa plants, was approved by Health Canada in 2005, to treat central neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis, and in ...