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The general formula for calculating the revolutions per minute (RPM) of a centrifuge is: R P M = g r {\displaystyle RPM={\sqrt {g \over r}}} , where g represents the relative centrifugal force (RCF) and r the radius from the center of the rotor to a point in the sample.
In centrifugation the clearing factor or k factor represents the relative pelleting efficiency of a given centrifuge rotor at maximum rotation speed. It can be used to estimate the time t {\displaystyle t} (in hours) required for sedimentation of a fraction with a known sedimentation coefficient s {\displaystyle s} (in svedbergs ):
To avoid having to perform a mathematical calculation every time, one can find nomograms for converting RCF to rpm for a rotor of a given radius. A ruler or other straight edge lined up with the radius on one scale, and the desired RCF on another scale, will point at the correct rpm on the third scale. [ 32 ]
Decanter centrifuges require a centrifugal force for the separation of the solids from the liquid. This characteristic is dependent on the radius of the centrifuge and its angular rotational speed. A decanter centrifuge applies a force equivalent to several thousand G's, which reduces the settling time of the particles.
A laboratory centrifuge is a piece of laboratory equipment, driven by a motor, which spins liquid samples at high speed. There are various types of centrifuges, depending on the size and the sample capacity.
Benchtop fixed-angle centrifuge, or swinging bucket centrifuge Intact (eukaryotic) cells, macroscopic debris Varies depending on sample Gently lysed cells (e.g. dounce homogenizer) 600 x g 10 min Benchtop fixed-angle centrifuge, or swinging bucket centrifuge Nuclei Cytosol, non-nuclei organelles Supernatant of previous row 15,000 x g 20 min
Diagram of a gas centrifuge with countercurrent flow, used for separating isotopes of uranium. A gas centrifuge is a device that performs isotope separation of gases. A centrifuge relies on the principles of centrifugal force accelerating molecules so that particles of different masses are physically separated in a gradient along the radius of a rotating container.
A solid bowl centrifuge is a type of centrifuge that uses the principle of sedimentation. A centrifuge is used to separate a mixture that consists of two substances with different densities by using the centrifugal force resulting from continuous rotation. It is normally used to separate solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, and solid-solid mixtures.
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