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In quantum field theory, a nonlinear σ model describes a field Σ that takes on values in a nonlinear manifold called the target manifold T.The non-linear σ-model was introduced by Gell-Mann & Lévy (1960, §6), who named it after a field corresponding to a spinless meson called σ in their model. [1]
When the sigma field is coupled to a gauge field, the resulting model is described by Ginzburg–Landau theory. This article is primarily devoted to the classical field theory of the sigma model; the corresponding quantized theory is presented in the article titled "non-linear sigma model".
5 Sigma models. 6 Supersymmetric quantum field theories. ... Non-linear sigma model; Wess–Zumino–Witten model; Supersymmetric quantum field theories
In particle theory, the skyrmion (/ ˈ s k ɜːr m i. ɒ n /) is a topologically stable field configuration of a certain class of non-linear sigma models.It was originally proposed as a model of the nucleon by (and named after) Tony Skyrme in 1961.
It is a nonlinear sigma model with the principal homogeneous space of a Lie group as its target manifold. When the model was originally introduced, this Lie group was the SU, where N is the number of quark flavors.
Step function – Linear combination of indicator functions of real intervals; Sign function – Mathematical function returning -1, 0 or 1; Heaviside step function – Indicator function of positive numbers
Nonlinear When the activation function is non-linear, then a two-layer neural network can be proven to be a universal function approximator. [6] This is known as the Universal Approximation Theorem. The identity activation function does not satisfy this property.
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