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In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is convex up in which the hinge or crest is the location where the curvature is greatest, and the limbs are the sides of the fold that dip away from the hinge.
In structural geology, a syncline is a fold with younger layers closer to the center of the structure, whereas an anticline is the inverse of a syncline. A synclinorium (plural synclinoriums or synclinoria ) is a large syncline with superimposed smaller folds. [ 1 ]
Anticline: linear, strata normally dip away from the axial center, oldest strata in center irrespective of orientation. Syncline: linear, strata normally dip toward the axial center, youngest strata in center irrespective of orientation. Antiform: linear, strata dip away from the axial center, age unknown, or inverted.
Within regions that have experienced tectonic deformation, systematic joints are typically associated with either layered or bedded strata that have been folded into anticlines and synclines. Such joints can be classified according to their orientation in respect to the axial planes of the folds as they often commonly form in a predictable ...
If the tops of the rock units within the folds remain pointing upwards, they are called anticlines and synclines, respectively. If some of the units in the fold are facing downward, the structure is called an overturned anticline or syncline, and if all of the rock units are overturned or the correct up-direction is unknown, they are simply ...
See the main article on folds for a fuller treatment of fold types and nomenclature but in brief, an anticline is an arch-like fold whereas a syncline is its converse; a downfold. Antiforms , anticlinoria , synforms and synclinoria are variations on these.
When the limbs of a fold converge upward, the fold is referred to as an antiform. Conversely, when the limbs of a fold converge downward, the fold is known as a synform. Not to be confused with these terms (antiform and synform), the terms anticline and syncline are used in the description of the stratigraphic significance of the fold.
Fig. 8: An animation on the evolution of a fault-bend fold, Note that 2 anticlines and synclines are formed at the final stage of the progression. A detachment fold can evolve into a forced fold when shortening stress exceeds the maximum strength of rock , and as a result the decollement may propagate upwards towards the anticlinal core and ...