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The extension synergy for the upper extremity includes scapular protraction, shoulder adduction and internal rotation, elbow extension, forearm pronation, and wrist and finger flexion. [1] The flexion synergy for the lower extremity includes hip flexion, abduction and external rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion and inversion and toe ...
Obligatory synergy patterns can be further subdivided into flexion and extension synergy components for both the upper and lower extremities. This approach requires active participation from both the patient and the therapist. [6]
Myotome distributions of the upper and lower extremity are as follows; [5] [6] C1/C2: neck flexion/extension; C3: Lateral Neck Flexion; C4: shoulder elevation; C5: Shoulder abduction; C6: Elbow flexion/Wrist Extension; C7: Elbow extension/Wrist flexion; C8: Thumb extension; T1: Finger Abduction & Adduction [citation needed] L1/L2: Hip Flexion ...
In anatomy, flexor is a muscle that contracts to perform flexion (from the Latin verb flectere, to bend), [1] a movement that decreases the angle between the bones converging at a joint. For example, one's elbow joint flexes when one brings their hand closer to the shoulder , thus decreasing the angle between the upper arm and the forearm .
Involuntary extension of the "normal" leg occurs when flexing the contralateral leg against resistance. To perform the test, the examiner should hold one hand under the heel of the "normal" limb and ask the patient to flex the contralateral hip against resistance (while the patient is supine), asking the patient to keep the weak leg straight while raising it.
The soleus is the most effective muscle for plantar flexion in a bent knee position. The gastrocnemius originates on the femur, so bending the leg limits its effective tension. During regular movement (i.e., walking) the soleus is the primary muscle utilized for plantar flexion due to the slow-twitch fibers resisting fatigue. [9]
In anatomy, extension is a movement of a joint that increases the angle between two bones or body surfaces at a joint. Extension usually results in straightening of the bones or body surfaces involved.
Another is that the muscle closely resembles a tailor's ribbon. Additionally, antique sewing machines required continuous crossbody pedaling. This combination of lateral rotation and flexion of the hip and flexion of the knee gave tailors particularly developed sartorius muscles.