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The Twelve-Mile Circle is an approximately circular arc that forms most of the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania. It is a combination of different circular arcs that have been feathered together. [1] [2] It is nominally a circle with a variable radius of approximately 12 miles (19 km) centered in the town of New Castle, Delaware. [3]
The Twelve-Mile Circle. In 1682, James, the Duke of York gave William Penn a deed for land consisting of a 12-mile circle around the town of New Castle. The borders established by this deed were almost immediately contested by Lord Baltimore, proprietor of the colony of Maryland, and thus began an 87-year legal struggle between the two families.
A 12-mile (radius) circle (12 mi (19 km)) around the city of New Castle, Delaware. A "tangent line" connecting the midpoint of the transpeninsular line to the western side of the 12-mile circle. A "north line" along the meridian (line of longitude) from the tangent point to the Maryland-Pennsylvania border.
The Delaware Boundary Markers historic district is located along the state boundary lines between Delaware and Maryland, and between Delaware and Pennsylvania.The district includes 94 contributing sites along the Mason–Dixon line and includes the Transpeninsular Line, Post Marked West site, Tangent Line, the Arc Corner, and the Twelve-Mile Circle.
The Transpeninsular Line and the "Tangent Line" portion of the Mason–Dixon LineThe Transpeninsular Line (at approximately 38°27′ N) is a surveyed line, the eastern half of which forms the north–south border between Delaware and Maryland.
The Commissioners referred the issues to Lord Hardwicke. Hardwicke ruled that the western point of the Transpeninsular Line should be the Chesapeake Bay. He also approved of the use of the New Castle Court House as the center of the Twelve Mile Circle and determined that the twelve miles should be measured on a level line. [5] [6] [14]
There turned out to be a small wedge of land between 39° 43′ N latitude, the Twelve-Mile Circle, and the North Line. The top is roughly 3 ⁄ 4 mile (1.2 km), and the side is roughly 3 miles (4.8 km) long. Maryland clearly no longer had a claim to the Wedge, as it is east of the Mason–Dixon Line, and since the Penns owned both Pennsylvania ...
The definition of the northern boundary of the state is unusual. Most of the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania was originally defined by an arc extending 12 miles (19.3 km) from the cupola of the courthouse in the city of New Castle. [57] This boundary is often referred to as the Twelve-Mile Circle.