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Athenian democracy developed around the 6th century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis) of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica, and focusing on supporting liberty, equality, and security. [1]
In 753 BCE the perpetual archonship by the Eupatridae [3] were limited to 10 year terms (the "decennial archons"). [4] After 683 BCE the offices were held for only a single year. [5] Bust of Solon, democratic reformer in Athenian Antiquity. By the 7th century BCE, social unrest had become widespread, as Athens suffered a land and agrarian crisis.
Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of Western civilization.
A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution, organization, or state, in which members have a share of power. [2] Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities of their citizens that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government: to intervene in society and have their sovereign (e.g., their representatives) held ...
Mesolithic Greece, starting in 13,000 BC and ending around 7,000 BC, was a period of long and slow development of primitive human "proto-communities". Neolithic Greece , beginning with the establishment of agricultural societies around 7,000 BC and ending c. 3,200 – c. 3,100 BC, was a vital part of the early history of Greece because it was ...
The establishment of democracy revolutionised Athens, which henceforth became one of the leading cities in Greece. [31] The new-found freedom and self-governance of the Athenians meant that they were thereafter exceptionally hostile to the return of the tyranny of Hippias, or any form of outside subjugation; by Sparta, Persia or anyone else.
[1] 594 BCE – Solonian law established. [2] 575 BCE – Coins in use (approximate date). [3] 566 BCE – Panathenaic festival begins. [1] 560 BCE – Peisistratos in power. [2] 546 BCE – Athenian tetradrachm (coin) in use. [3] 480 and 479 BCE - Athens is burnt, then destroyed by the Persians; 447 BCE – Parthenon construction begins. [4]
403 BC: Some exiled Athenians return to fight the Thirty Tyrants and restore democracy in Athens. They are, however, narrowly defeated by the Spartans in the Battle of Piraeus. After this, the Spartan king Pausanias allows democracy to be restored in Athens. 403 BC: Thrasybulus restores the Athenian democracy and grants an almost general amnesty.