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The artichoke is a domesticated variety of the wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), [9] which is native to the Mediterranean area. [1] There was debate over whether the artichoke was a food among the ancient Greeks and Romans, or whether that cultivar was developed later, with Classical sources referring instead to the wild cardoon.
The cardoon (Cynara cardunculus / ˈ s ɪ n ər ə k ɑːr ˈ d ʌ n k j ʊ l ə s /), [2] [3] also called the artichoke thistle, is a thistle in the family Asteraceae. It is a naturally occurring species that also has many cultivated forms , including the globe artichoke .
Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as West Indian lemon grass or simply lemon grass, [3] is a tropical plant native to South Asia and Maritime Southeast Asia and introduced to many tropical regions.
Jerusalem artichokes are so well-suited for the European climate and soil that the plant multiplies quickly. By the mid-1600s, the Jerusalem artichoke had become a very common vegetable for human consumption in Europe and the Americas and was also used for livestock feed in Europe and colonial America. [11]
Carciofi alla romana (Italian: [karˈtʃɔːfi alla roˈmaːna]; lit. ' Roman-style artichokes ') is a typical dish of Roman cuisine of pan braised artichokes. During spring-time in Rome, the dish is prepared in each household and is served in all restaurants.
The Cardueae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family and the subfamily Carduoideae. [5] Most of them are commonly known as thistles; [6] four of the best known genera are Carduus, [7] Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke), Cirsium, [7] and Onopordum.
Carciofi alla giudia. Artichokes of the Romanesco variety are commonly used for this dish. [1] They are cleaned with a sharp knife to eliminate the hard external leaves, beaten to open them, left for some minutes in water with lemon juice to prevent discolouration, then seasoned with salt and pepper and deep fried in olive oil. [1]
Artichoke production in Italy has a long history. Italy is the world's largest producer of artichokes. [ 1 ] With Spain and France, the three countries produce more than 80% of the world's artichokes .