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The Eighth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty VIII) is a poorly known and short-lived line of pharaohs reigning in rapid succession in the early 22nd century BC, likely with their seat of power in Memphis. The Eighth Dynasty held sway at a time referred to as the very end of the Old Kingdom or the beginning of the First Intermediate Period.
Usermaatre Akhenamun Ramesses VIII (also written Ramses and Rameses) or Ramesses Sethherkhepshef Meryamun ('Set is his Strength, beloved of Amun') [2] (reigned 1130–1129 BC, or 1130 BC [3]), was the seventh Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, and was the 9th of the 10 sons of Ramesses III. [4]
The list is similar to the one inscribed in the temple built at the site by Ramesses' father, Seti I, but with the addition of Ramesses' own throne name and nomen. The list was found by William John Bankes in 1818 and the surviving fragments were removed in 1837 by the French consul in Egypt and sold to the British Museum. [1] [2] Ramesses ...
Menkare (died c. 2200 BC) was an ancient Egyptian king, the first or second [1] ruler of the Eighth Dynasty.Menkare probably reigned a short time at the transition between the Old Kingdom period and the First Intermediate Period, in the early 22nd century BC. [2]
His name is only attested on the Abydos King List, the primary source for identifying seventh/eighth dynasties (combined). Djedkare Shemai is absent from the Turin canon as a large lacuna in this document affects most kings of the 7th/8th Dynasty. [2] No contemporary document or building with his name has been found. [1] [3]
The name Hudjefa, found twice in the papyrus, is now known to have been used by the royal scribes of the Ramesside era during the 19th Dynasty, when the scribes compiled king lists such as the Saqqara King List and the royal canon of Turin and the name of a deceased pharaoh was unreadable, damaged, or completely erased.
The Onomasticon of Amenope is an ancient Egyptian text from the late 20th Dynasty to 22nd Dynasty.It is a compilation belonging to a tradition that began in the Middle Kingdom, and which includes the Ramesseum Onomasticon dating from the end of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt, no earlier than the reign of Ramesses IX (reigned 1129–1111 BCE).
The scene with the list was first published by Jean-Francois Champollion in 1845, [1] and by Karl Richard Lepsius four years later. [2] The upper register of the second western pylon, shows a processions where ancestors of Ramesses II are honored at ceremonies of the festival of Min. It contains 19 cartouches with the names of 14 pharaohs.