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In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. [3] [4] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugars and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the ...
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 OH. It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 6 O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like ...
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
The reaction from ethanol to carbon dioxide and water proceeds in at least 11 steps in humans. C 2 H 6 O (ethanol) is converted to C 2 H 4 O (acetaldehyde), then to C 2 H 4 O 2 (acetic acid), then to acetyl-CoA. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, it is free to enter directly into the citric acid cycle (TCA) and is converted to 2 CO 2 molecules in 8 ...
This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in an alcohol. C1. Methanol; C2. Ethanol; C3. 1-Propanol; Isopropyl alcohol; C4 n-Butanol; Isobutanol; sec-Butanol ...
The Bouveault–Blanc reduction is a chemical reaction in which an ester is reduced to primary alcohols using absolute ethanol and sodium metal. [1] It was first reported by Louis Bouveault and Gustave Louis Blanc in 1903. [2] [3] [4] Bouveault and Blanc demonstrated the reduction of ethyl oleate and n-butyl oleate to oleyl alcohol. [5]
Ethanol from coal is the ethanol produced using coal as its carbon source. The anaerobic bacterium Clostridium ljungdahlii produces ethanol and acetic acid from CO, CO 2, and H 2 in synthesis gas. Early studies with C. ljungdahlii showed that relatively high concentrations of ethanol were produced. This process involves three main steps:
Alcohol education is the planned provision of information and skills relevant to living in a world where alcohol is commonly misused. [4] WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health, highlights the fact that alcohol will be a larger problem in later years, with estimates suggesting it will be the leading cause of disability and death.