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Liver transplantation or hepatic transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with the healthy liver from another person . Liver transplantation is a treatment option for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure , although availability of donor organs is a major limitation.
The rationale for the use of bland embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and/or other hyper-vascular tumors is based on the fact that a normal liver receives a dual blood supply from the hepatic artery (25%) and the portal vein (75%). As the tumor grows, it becomes increasingly dependent on the hepatic artery for blood supply.
The several types of hepatic artery treatments are based on the observation that tumor cells get nearly all their nutrients from the hepatic artery, while the normal cells of the liver get about 70-80 percent of their nutrients and 50% their oxygen supply from the portal vein, and thus can survive with the hepatic artery effectively blocked. [2]
The cystic artery generally comes from the right hepatic artery. [1] Other variants of right hepatic artery includes: arising directly from the proximal or middle part of common hepatic artery, gastroduodenal artery, superior mesenteric artery, celiac axis, aorta, splenic artery, or left gastric artery instead of arising from proper hepatic ...
A less common, but more serious complication, is hepatic ischemia causing acute liver failure. While healthy livers are predominantly oxygenated by portal blood supply, long-standing portal hypertension results in compensatory hypertrophy of and increased reliance on the hepatic artery for oxygenation.
The common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus of the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and gallbladder. [ citation needed ] It arises from the celiac artery [ 1 ] and has the following branches: [ 2 ]
This interrupts the flow of blood through the hepatic artery and the portal vein, which helps to control bleeding from the liver. The common bile duct is also temporarily closed during this procedure. This can be achieved using: a large atraumatic hemostat (soft clamp). manual compression. vessel loop or umbilical tape. [7]
The hepatic duct lies in front and to the right, the hepatic artery to the left, and the portal vein behind and between the duct and artery. It also transmits nerves and lymphatics . Sympathetic nerves - these provide afferent pain impulses from the liver and gall bladder to the brain.