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From the inauguration of IRT subway services in 1904 [99] until the unified system of 1948 (including predecessor BMT and IND subway services), the fare for a ride on the subway of any length was 5 cents ($.05 in 1904 equivalent to $1.7 in 2023; $.05 in 1948 equivalent to $0.63 in 2023). On July 1, 1948, the fare was increased to 10 cents ...
A bit is an antiquated term equal to one eighth of a dollar or 12 + 1 ⁄ 2 cents, after the Spanish 8-Real "piece of eight" coin on which the U.S. dollar was initially based. So "two bits" is twenty-five cents; similarly, "four bits" is fifty cents. More rare are "six bits" (75 cents) and "eight bits" meaning a dollar.
In general, if an increase of x percent is followed by a decrease of x percent, and the initial amount was p, the final amount is p (1 + 0.01 x)(1 − 0.01 x) = p (1 − (0.01 x) 2); hence the net change is an overall decrease by x percent of x percent (the square of the original percent change when expressed as a decimal number).
Banknote for "Twelve and a Half Cents" = $ 1 ⁄ 8, Alabama, 1838. In the US, the bit is equal to 12 + 1 ⁄ 2 ¢, a designation which dates from the colonial period, when the most common unit of currency used was the Spanish dollar, also known as "piece of eight", which was worth 8 Spanish silver reales. $ 1 ⁄ 8 or 1 silver real was 1 "bit ...
A United States one-cent coin, also known as a penny. The cent is a monetary unit of many national currencies that equals a hundredth (1 ⁄ 100) of the basic monetary unit. The word derives from the Latin centum, 'hundred'. The cent sign is commonly a simple minuscule (lower case) letter c.
Under the standard philanthropic model, billionaires set up a foundation and give it a huge endowment. Every year, the foundation has to give away at least 5 percent of its total value. Meanwhile, the other 95 percent gets invested in blue chip stocks, hedge funds, foreign currencies, whatever will keep the total endowment the same size.
As explained above, the return, or rate or return, depends on the currency of measurement. In the example given above, a US dollar cash deposit which returns 2% over a year, measured in US dollars, returns 12.2% measured in Japanese yen, over the same period, if the US dollar increases in value by 10% against the Japanese yen over the same period.
An example of this practice is in Australia, where 5 cents has been the smallest denomination coin since 1992, but pricing at .98 or .99 on items under several hundred dollars is still almost universally applied (e.g.: $1.99–299.99), while goods on sale often price at .94 and its variations. Finland and the Netherlands were the first two ...