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Musculoskeletal injuries can affect any part of the human body including; bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and other soft tissues. [1] Symptoms include mild to severe aches, low back pain, numbness, tingling, atrophy and weakness. [1] [2] These injuries are a result of repetitive motions and actions over a period of time. [6]
Injuries and pain in the musculoskeletal system caused by acute traumatic events like a car accident or fall are not considered musculoskeletal disorders. [4] MSDs can affect many different parts of the body including upper and lower back, neck, shoulders and extremities (arms, legs, feet, and hands). [ 5 ]
Crush injuries are the most common form of injuries, followed by falls from standing height, and road traffic accidents. Open fractures tend to occur more often in males than females at the ratio of 7 to 3 and the age of onset of 40.8 and 56 years respectively.
Overall, injuries to the small bones and ligaments in the wrist are uncommon. [7] Lunate dislocations are the most common. [7] Finger. Interphalangeal (IP) or metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint dislocations [43] In the United States, men are most likely to sustain a finger dislocation with an incidence rate of 17.8 per 100,000 person-years. [44]
A strain is a type of acute injury that occurs to the muscle or tendon. Similar to sprains, it can vary in severity, from a stretching of the muscle or tendon to a complete tear of the tendon from the muscle. Some of the most common places that strains occur are in the foot, back of the leg (hamstring), or back. [2]
stress fracture of distal fibula 3–8 cm above the lateral malleolus: repeated axial stress on fibula: Google books result Marko Pećina, Ivan Bojanić. Overuse injuries of the Musculoskeletal System, page 331. Informa Health Care, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8493-1428-5. Salter–Harris fracture: R.B. Salter, W.R. Harris [5]
They are of the most common occupational disorders around the world. They had been recognised as an issue since Bernardino Ramazzini's time in the 17th century. [1] They have been known by many names including repetitive strain injury, occupational overuse syndrome and cumulative trauma disorders. [2]
These open fractures are most commonly caused by high velocity trauma (e.g. motor vehicle collisions), while closed fractures most commonly occur from sports injuries or falls. [3] [4] Osteoporosis can be a contributing factor. [3] Skiing and football (soccer) injuries are also common culprits. [4]