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Tolkien is best known as the author of the high fantasy works The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, both set in Middle-earth. [3] He created a family of invented languages for Elves, carefully designing the differences between them to reflect their distance from their imaginary common origin.
The first sources of light for all of Tolkien's imaginary world, Arda, are two enormous Lamps on the central continent, Middle-earth: Illuin, the silver one to the north, and Ormal, the golden one to the south.
Tolkien included multiple family trees in both The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion; they are variously for Elves, Dwarves, Hobbits, and Men. The family trees gave Tolkien, a philologist , a way of exploring and developing the etymologies and relationships of the names of his characters.
Tolkien meant Arda to be "our own green and solid Earth", seen here in the Baltistan mountains, "at some quite remote epoch in the past". [1]In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the history of Arda, also called the history of Middle-earth, [a] began when the Ainur entered Arda, following the creation events in the Ainulindalë and long ages of labour throughout Eä, the fictional universe.
Another likely origin is the Sampo in Elias Lönnrot's 1849 Kalevala, a text that Tolkien studied with interest, thinking to use it in a story in 1914. The Tolkien scholar Jonathan B. Himes states that the Sampo is the "central mythic object" in the Kalevala ; it gave its owner "socio-economic supremacy". [ 7 ]
A few years after publishing The Lord of the Rings, in a note associated with the story "Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth", Tolkien equated Arda with the Solar System; because Arda by this point consisted of more than one heavenly body, with Valinor on another planet, while the Sun and Moon were celestial objects in their own right. [19]
J. R. R. Tolkien built a process of decline and fall in Middle-earth into both The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings.. The pattern is expressed in several ways, including the splintering of the light provided by the Creator, Eru Iluvatar, into progressively smaller parts; the fragmentation of languages and peoples, especially the Elves, who are split into many groups; the successive falls ...
Eärendil's son Elrond too chose elvish immortality, becoming known as Half-elven, and in the Third Age played an important role in The War of the Ring, as narrated in The Lord of the Rings. [ T 4 ] Elros chose mortality, the gift of Men, founding the line of the Kings of Númenor ; [ T 4 ] his descendant at the time of The War of the Ring was ...