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The extent of vasoconstriction may be slight or severe depending on the substance or circumstance. Many vasoconstrictors also cause pupil dilation. Medications that cause vasoconstriction include: antihistamines, decongestants, and stimulants. Severe vasoconstriction may result in symptoms of intermittent claudication. [1]
It is this favourable change to the body that can decrease the severity of ischemic symptoms, particularly angina. Other medications used to reduce the occurrence and severity of vasospasm and ultimately ischemia include L-type calcium channel blockers (notably nimodipine , as well as verapamil , diltiazem , nifedipine ) and beta-receptor ...
Another treatment for hypertension is using drugs that have both α 1 blocking activity, as well as nonselective β activity, such as Labetalol or carvedilol. [19] In low doses, labetalol and carvedilol can decrease the peripheral resistance and block the effects of isoprenaline to reduce hypertensive symptoms.
Over the last 40 years, a variety of drugs have been developed from non-selective alpha-1 receptor antagonists to selective alpha-1 antagonists and alpha-1 receptor inverse agonists. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The first drug that was used was a non-selective alpha blocker, named phenoxybenzamine and was used to treat BPH. [ 2 ]
Apart from treating underlying reversible causes (e.g., stopping or reducing certain medications, treating autoimmune causes), several measures can improve the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension and prevent episodes of syncope (fainting). Even small increases in the blood pressure may be sufficient to maintain blood flow to the brain on standing.
The primary application for phentolamine is for the control of hypertensive emergencies, most notably due to pheochromocytoma. [5]It also has usefulness in the treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular complications, where one would generally avoid β-blockers (e.g. metoprolol), as they can cause unopposed α-adrenergic mediated coronary vasoconstriction, worsening myocardial ischemia and ...
Overall, our findings suggest that more people over 70 years of age should be considered for statin treatment.” — Borislava Mihaylova, DPhil “Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause ...
[60] [61] Cardiac pacing is usually reserved for patients unresponsive to pharmacological therapy. People experiencing bronchospasm due to the β 2 receptor-blocking effects of nonselective beta blockers may be treated with anticholinergic drugs, such as ipratropium , which are safer than beta agonists in patients with cardiovascular disease .