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Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law.Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [1]
In 2001–2004, this ministry was known as the Department of Law and Legislation (Departemen Hukum dan Perundang-undangan). From 2004–2009, this ministry was known as the Department of Law and Human Rights (Departemen Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia).
According to historical records, a civil law called the Code Civil des Français was formed in 1804, in which most European referred to them as the Napoleon Code. [2] On 24 May 1806 the Netherlands became a French client state, styled the Kingdom of Holland under Napoleon's brother, Louis Bonaparte in which he was instructed by Napoleon to receive and enact the Napoleonic Code.
Jimly Asshiddiqie (2005), Konstitusi dan Konstitutionalisme Indonesia (Indonesia Constitution and Constitutionalism), MKRI, Jakarta. Jimly Asshiddiqie (1994), Gagasan Kedaulatan Rakyat dalam Konstitusi dan Pelaksanaannya di Indonesia (The Idea of People's Sovereignty in the Constitution), Ichtiar Baru - van Hoeve, Jakarta, ISBN 979-8276-69-8.
Single principle of Pancasila (Asas tunggal Pancasila) was a policy enacted by the New Order regime under President Soeharto starting 1983 compelling political parties and public organisations to declare the national ideology of "Pancasila, as their one and only ideological basis". [nb 1]
PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) (lit. ' State Electricity Company ', abbreviated as PLN) is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which has a monopoly on electric power distribution in Indonesia and generates the majority of the country's electrical power, producing 176.4 TWh in 2015.
The Law, between Justice and State Power, allegory by Dominique Antoine Magaud (1899) Rechtsstaat (German: [ˈʁɛçt͡sˌʃtaːt] ⓘ; lit. "state of law"; "legal state") is a doctrine in continental European legal thinking, originating in German jurisprudence.
The IEEE traces its founding to 1884 and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.In 1912, the rival Institute of Radio Engineers was formed. [6] Although the AIEE was initially larger, the IRE attracted more students and was larger by the mid-1950s.