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In Year 8 of his reign, the Sea Peoples, including Peleset, Denyen, Shardana, Meshwesh of the sea, and Tjekker, invaded Egypt by land and sea. Ramesses III defeated them in two great land and sea battles. First, he defeated them on land in the Battle of Djahy on the Egyptian Empire's easternmost frontier in Djahy or modern-day southern Lebanon.
His only known date is a Year 1, I Peret day 2 graffito in the tomb of Kyenebu (Theban Tomb 113) at Thebes. [8] According to Erik Hornung in a 2006 book, [9] the accession date of Ramesses VIII has been established by Amin Amer in a 1981 article to date to an eight-month interval between I Peret day 2 and I Season of the Inundation day 13. [10]
Ramesses XI was the last pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty. As Egypt weakened, Ramesses XI was forced to share power in a triumvirate with Herihor, the high priest of Amun, and Smendes, governor of Lower Egypt. Ramesses XI was buried in Lower Egypt by Smendes, who later took the throne himself.
As of 2004, he has written over fifty books, including several non-fiction books on the subject of Egyptology. Jacq has a doctorate in Egyptian Studies from the Sorbonne . He and his wife later founded the Ramses Institute , which is dedicated to creating a photographic description of Egypt for the preservation of endangered archaeological sites.
This date is 1 day removed from Twosret's highest known date of Year 8, II Shemu 9 (although Twosret is known to have ruled for a minimum of 6 more months at her mortuary temple at Gournah), and is based upon a calculation of Ramesses III's known accession date of I Shemu 26. [8]
Ramesses III, victim of the conspiracy. The Harem conspiracy was a coup d'état attempt against the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses III in 1155 BC. The principal figure behind the plot was one of the pharaoh's secondary wives, Tiye, who hoped to place her son Pentawer on the throne instead of the pharaoh's chosen successor Ramesses IV.
Papyrus Harris I details the achievements of the reign (1186–1155 BC) of Ramesses III. In the brief description of the outcome of the battles in Year 8 is the description of the fate of some of the conjectured Sea Peoples. Ramesses claims that, having brought the prisoners to Egypt, he "settled them in strongholds, bound in my name.
It had been thought that Ramesses III lived long enough to oversee the trial of his attempted assassins as the document opens with him addressing the judges directly. However, he is referred to in the Papyrus Lee as "the Great God", a term used only for deceased kings at this time. [ 14 ]