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Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
Effusions are large, restricting range of motion but significant pain is not a feature. There is usually stiffness. Tenderness of the joint may or may not be present. [1] Aspirated synovial fluid is usually sterile [2] but will sometimes show elevated cell count (>100 cells/mL) with 50% being polymorphonuclear leukocytes. [3]
This membrane lines joints that possess cavities, known as synovial joints. The condition is usually painful, particularly when the joint is moved. The joint usually swells due to synovial fluid collection. Watercolour drawing of acute synovitis of the knee joint, showing the beginnings of the disintegration of the cartilage of the internal ...
Injuries or overuse. ... or rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Culture of the joint fluid or a blood sample if infectious arthritis is suspected. Analysis of a sample of synovial fluid to look for ...
Synovial fluid examination [3] [4]; Type WBC (per mm 3) % neutrophils Viscosity Appearance Normal <200: 0: High: Transparent Osteoarthritis <5000 <25: High: Clear yellow Trauma <10,000
Symptoms usually last for days to weeks, and often recur. Although any joint may be affected, the knees, wrists, and hips are most common. [4] CPPD crystals appear as shattered glass under the microscope. When released into the synovial fluid, it causes unbearable pain to the patient. Flares are sudden, severe and without warning.
There are several types of inflammation that can cause knee pain, including sprains, bursitis, and injuries to the meniscus. [9] A diagnosis of prepatellar bursitis can be made based on a physical examination and the presence of risk factors in the person's medical history ; swelling and tenderness at the front of the knee, combined with a ...
Other symptoms of disseminated gonococcal infection can include migration of joint pain, tenosynovitis and dermatitis. [2] [15] Synovial fluid cultures are positive in 25 to 70% of the cases while blood cultures are seldom positive. [2] Apart from blood and joint cultures, swabs from urethra, rectum, pharynx, and cervix should also be taken.