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The most notable invention was the rise of typefaces with strengthened serifs. Forerunners were the so-called Egyptienne fonts, which were used already at the beginning of the 19th century. Their name likely comes from the enthusiasm of the Napoleonic era for the orient, which in turn was started by Napoleon's invasion in Egypt.
Spencerian script is a handwriting script style based on Copperplate script that was used in the United States from approximately 1850 to 1925, [1] [2] and was considered the American de facto standard writing style for business correspondence prior to the widespread adoption of the typewriter.
Cursive – any style of handwriting written in a flowing (cursive) manner, which connects many or all of the letters in a word, or the strokes in a CJK character or other grapheme. Studies of writing and penmanship. Chirography – handwriting, its style and character; Diplomatics – forensic paleography (seeks the provenance of written ...
D'Nealian, a style of writing and teaching cursive and manuscript adapted from the Palmer Method; Zaner-Bloser script, another streamlined form of Spencerian script; Library hand another 19th-century script developed by Melvil Dewey and Thomas Edison; Round hand, a style of handwriting and calligraphy originating in England in the 1660s
First page of Paul's epistle to Philemon in the Rochester Bible (12th century). A modern calligraphic rendition of the word calligraphy (Denis Brown, 2006). Western calligraphy is the art of writing and penmanship as practiced in the Western world, especially using the Latin alphabet (but also including calligraphic use of the Cyrillic and Greek alphabets, as opposed to "Eastern" traditions ...
In the 19th century, the use of antiqua alongside Fraktur increased, leading to an Antiqua-Fraktur dispute which lasted until the Nazis mandated an end to the use of Fraktur in 1941. By then, Fraktur had been the most common and well-known blackletter style in Germany for a long time, and as a result all kinds of blackletter (including ...
Alphabet in Kurrent script from about 1865. The next-to-last line shows the umlauts ä, ö, ü, and the corresponding capital letters Ae, Oe, and Ue; and the last line shows the ligatures ch, ck, th, sch, sz (), and st. Danish Kurrent script (»gotisk skrift«) from about 1800 with Æ and Ø at the end of the alphabet Sample font table of German handwriting by Kaushik Carlini, 2021
The Antiqua–Fraktur dispute was a typographical dispute in 19th- and early 20th-century Germany. In most European countries, blackletter typefaces like the German Fraktur were displaced with the creation of the Antiqua typefaces in the 15th and 16th centuries. However, in Germany and Austria, the two styles of printing coexisted until the ...