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A false statement, also known as a falsehood, falsity, misstatement or untruth, is a statement that is false or does not align with reality. This concept spans various fields, including communication, law, linguistics, and philosophy. It is considered a fundamental issue in human discourse.
The legal rule itself – how to apply this exception – is complicated, as it is often dependent on who said the statement and which actor it was directed towards. [6] The analysis is thus different if the government or a public figure is the target of the false statement (where the speech may get more protection) than a private individual who is being attacked over a matter of their private ...
Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena. ... Mackie (1917–1981) [239] suggested that every moral statement is false since there are no moral facts. [240]
False information in some articles, such as legal, medical or medication articles, could have serious real-world issues. And making false, negative statements about a living person can expose Wikipedia to legal issues for defamation. Lying is also unhelpful to the online Wikipedia community which edits and develops the encyclopedia.
The term "ethical subjectivism" covers two distinct theories in ethics. According to cognitive versions of ethical subjectivism, the truth of moral statements depends upon people's values, attitudes, feelings, or beliefs. Some forms of cognitivist ethical subjectivism can be counted as forms of realism, others are forms of anti-realism. [19]
A 2022 study found that individuals exposed to a fact-check of a false statement by a far-right politician were less likely to share the false statement. [29] Some studies have found that exposure to fact-checks had durable effects on reducing misperceptions, [30] [31] [32] whereas other studies have found no effects. [33] [34]
Non-cognitivism is the meta-ethical view that ethical sentences do not express propositions (i.e., statements) and thus cannot be true or false (they are not truth-apt). A noncognitivist denies the cognitivist claim that "moral judgments are capable of being objectively true, because they describe some feature of the world."
A statement which is "technically true" but which gives a misleading impression is deemed an "untrue statement". [ 32 ] [ 33 ] If a misstatement is made and later the representor finds that it is false, it becomes fraudulent unless the representer updates the other party. [ 34 ]