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The Walker circulation, also known as the Walker cell, is a conceptual model of the air flow in the tropics in the lower atmosphere (troposphere). According to this model, parcels of air follow a closed circulation in the zonal and vertical directions. This circulation, which is roughly consistent with observations, is caused by differences in ...
The three-cell model of the atmosphere of the Earth describes the actual flow of the atmosphere with the tropical-latitude Hadley cell, the mid-latitude Ferrel cell, and the polar cell to describe the flow of energy and the circulation of the planetary atmosphere. Balance is the fundamental principle of the model — that the solar energy ...
On average, the Hadley circulation is composed of two cells in the northern and southern hemispheres that circulate air within the tropics.. The Hadley circulation describes the broad, thermally direct, [a] and meridional [b] overturning of air within the troposphere over the low latitudes. [2]
In atmospheric science, the weak temperature gradient approximation (WTG) is a theoretical framework used to simplify the equations governing tropical atmospheric dynamics and circulation. The WTG approximation assumes that free tropospheric temperature in the tropics has negligible horizontal (and temporal) gradients compared to its vertical ...
The Earth's atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the large-scale structure of its circulation remains fairly constant. The smaller-scale weather systems – mid-latitude depressions , or tropical convective cells – occur chaotically, and long-range weather predictions of those cannot be made beyond ten days in practice, or a ...
Brewer–Dobson circulation refers to the global atmospheric circulation pattern of tropical tropospheric air rising into the stratosphere and then moving poleward as it descends. [1] The basics of the circulation were first proposed by Gordon Dobson [2] [3] and Alan Brewer. [4] The term "Brewer–Dobson circulation" was first introduced in ...
Troposphere habitable (Ozone habitable) zone as the correct atmospheric circulation and ozone for life. The Three Cell Model of the circulation of the planetary atmosphere of the Earth, of which the troposphere is the lowest layer.
The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [1]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).