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Gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone abbreviated as GBAP is a cyclic peptide produced by pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis. [1] GAP is part of the quorum sensing system of certain bacteria where it positively regulates the expression of gelatinase and serine proteases that are under the control of the gelE-sprE operon.
Gelatinase enzymes can be found in a number of eukaryotes, including mammals, and birds; bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens), and fungi, but may have variations among species based on identification and function of the gelatinase type.
Altered expression and activity levels of MMPs have been strongly implicated in the progression and metastasis of many forms of cancer. Increased MMP-2 activity has also been linked with a poor prognosis in multiple forms of cancer including colorectal , melanoma , breast , lung , ovarian , and prostate . [ 14 ]
When P. vulgaris is tested using the API 20E identification system [1] it produces positive results for sulfur reduction, urease production, tryptophan deaminase production, indole production, sometimes positive gelatinase activity, and saccharose fermentation, and negative results for the remainder of the tests on the testing strip.
The specific activity of an enzyme is another common unit. This is the activity of an enzyme per milligram of total protein (expressed in μmol min −1 mg −1).Specific activity gives a measurement of enzyme purity in the mixture.
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as oncogene 24p3 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LCN2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] NGAL is involved in innate immunity by sequestering iron and preventing its use by bacteria , thus limiting their growth. [ 8 ]
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AQC is achieved through laboratory control of analytical performance. Initial control of the complete system can be achieved through specification of laboratory services, instrumentation, glassware, reagents, solvents, and gases. However, evaluation of daily performance must be documented to ensure continual production of valid data.