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Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis caused by bacteria that are resistant to some of the most effective anti-TB drugs. XDR-TB strains have arisen after the mismanagement of individuals with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Almost one in four people in the world is infected with TB bacteria. [1]
Pretomanid is only the third tuberculosis drug to receive approval from the FDA in more than 40 years. [4] [9] The FDA granted pretomanid priority review and orphan drug designations. [4] The FDA granted The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (TB Alliance) the approval of pretomanid and a tropical disease priority review voucher. [4]
As of October 2006, "Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis" (XDR-TB) is defined as MDR-TB that is resistant to quinolones and also to any one of kanamycin, capreomycin, or amikacin. [76] The old case definition of XDR-TB is MDR-TB that is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs. [77]
There are several ways that drug resistance to TB, and drug resistance in general, can be prevented: [34] [35] Rapid diagnosis & treatment of TB: One of the greatest risk factors for drug-resistant TB is problems in treatment and diagnosis, especially in developing countries. If TB is identified and treated soon, drug resistance can be avoided.
An illustrative diagram explaining drug resistance. Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in treating a disease or condition. [1] The term is used in the context of resistance that pathogens or cancers have "acquired", that is, resistance has evolved.
Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) is the non-susceptibility of one bacteria species to all antimicrobial agents except in two or less antimicrobial categories. Within XDR, pandrug-resistant (PDR) is the non-susceptibility of bacteria to all antimicrobial agents in all antimicrobial categories. [ 1 ]
The PlayStation 3 (PS3) video game console has been produced in various models during its life cycle. At launch, the PlayStation 3 was available with either a 20 or 60 GB hard disk drive in the US and Japan, respectively— priced from US$499 to US$599; and with either a 40, 60, or 80 GB hard disk drive in Europe, priced from £299 to £425. [1]
Cycloserine, sold under the brand name Seromycin, is a GABA transaminase inhibitor and an antibiotic, used to treat tuberculosis. [1] [2] Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, for active drug resistant tuberculosis. [2]