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The Golden Age of Flanders, or Flemish Golden Age, is a term that has been used to describe the flourishing of cultural and economic activities of the Low Countries around the 16th century. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The term Flanders in the 16th century referred to the entire Habsburg Netherlands within the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire .
The earliest Geuzen medals (or tokens) date from the mid-16th century to 1577. In Dutch, geus (plural geuzen) is a familiar term for the people who revolted in the 16th century against the Spanish king Philip II. The revolt began with the nobility, spreading to the gentry and the common prole.
The custom of stamping counters like coins began in France, with the oldest known coming from the fiscal offices of the royal government of France and dating from around the middle of the 13th century. [3] From the late 13th century to the end of the 14th century, jetons were produced in England, similar in design to contemporary Edwardian ...
James VI issued silver merks with the lion of Scotland on the obverse and a thistle on the reverse. The last Scottish silver coinage of merks before the Union of Crowns of 1603, sometimes called the "eighth coinage" of James VI, were dated 1601, 1602, 1603, with some full thistle merks minted in 1604. James VI and I made the merk current in ...
The coins were minted at Colombo, Jaffna, Galle and Trincomalee. These coins were issued till British occupation in 1796. The stiver (Sinhala: තුට්ටුව) was a currency denomination (1 ⁄ 48 Ceylonese rixdollar) in use across the 18th and 19th century Sri Lanka and Caribbean, especially among the Dutch, Danish, and Swedish islands.
Most issued silver coins in denominations of 1 ⁄ 4, 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales and gold coins for 1 ⁄ 2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. Exceptions were the Santo Domingo mint, which did strike maravedíes in the sixteenth century and the Caracas mint which issued fraction of real copper coins in the early nineteenth century to facilitate commerce.
Jodocus Hondius (Latinized version of his Dutch name: Joost de Hondt) (17 October 1563 – 12 February 1612) was a Flemish and Dutch engraver and cartographer.He is sometimes called Jodocus Hondius the Elder to distinguish him from his son Jodocus Hondius II.
The world map by the Italian Amerigo Vespucci (from whose name the word America is derived) and Belgian Gerardus Mercator shows (besides the classical continents Europe, Africa, and Asia) the Americas as America sive India Nova', New Guinea, and other islands of Southeast Asia, as well as a hypothetical Arctic continent and a yet undetermined Terra Australis.