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The resins used are typically polyester for mainline lining and epoxy for lateral lines. Since all resins shrink (epoxy resins shrink far less than poly and vinyl ester versions) and because it is impossible to bond to a sewer line with fats, oils, and grease present, an annular space is always created around the new CIPP liner, between it and ...
Epoxy resin formulations are important in the electronics industry, and are employed in motors, generators, transformers, switchgear, bushings, insulators, printed wiring boards (PWB), and semiconductor encapsulants. Epoxy resins are excellent electrical insulators and protect electrical components from short circuiting, dust and moisture.
Cationic polymerization is used in the curing of epoxy resins in the presence of UV in the industry. [16] Light energy from UV breaks apart photoinitiaters, forming an acidic solution which then donates a proton to the polymer. The monomers then attach themselves to the polymer, forming longer and longer chains leading to a cross-linked network.
Epoxy novolac resins used for printed circuit boards, electrical encapsulation, adhesives and coatings for metal. Benzoxazines , used alone or hybridised with epoxy and phenolic resins, for structural prepregs, liquid molding and film adhesives for composite construction, bonding and repair.
An intermediate case involves a mixture of resin and additives that requires external stimulus (light, heat, radiation) to induce curing. The curing methodology depends on the resin and the application. Particular attention is paid to the shrinkage induced by the curing. Usually small values of shrinkage (2–3%) are desirable. [2]
Synthetic resins are of several classes. Some are manufactured by esterification of organic compounds. Some are thermosetting plastics in which the term "resin" is loosely applied to the reactant(s), the product, or both. "Resin" may be applied to one of two monomers in a copolymer, the other being called a "hardener", as in epoxy resins. For ...