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The erect-crested penguin (Eudyptes sclateri; Māori: Tawaki nana hī) [2] is a penguin endemic to the New Zealand region [3] and only breeds on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands. [4] It has black upper parts, white underparts and a yellow eye stripe and crest. It spends the winter at sea and little is known about its biology and breeding habits.
Southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) displaying its distinctive crestThis is the smallest yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin in the genus Eudyptes.It reaches a length of 45–58 cm (18–23 in) and typically weighs 2–3.4 kg (4.4–7.5 lb), although there are records of exceptionally large rockhoppers weighing 4.5 kg (9.9 lb). [13]
The crested penguins are all similar in appearance, having sharply delineated black and white plumage with red beaks and prominent yellow crests. Their calls are more complex than those of other species, with several phrases of differing lengths. [9] The royal penguin (mostly) has a white face, while other species have black faces.
All penguins are countershaded for camouflage – that is, they have black backs and wings with white fronts. [45] A predator looking up from below (such as an orca or a leopard seal) has difficulty distinguishing between a white penguin belly and the reflective water surface. The dark plumage on their backs camouflages them from above.
The Adélie penguin is a mid-sized bird, measuring 70–73 cm (28–29 in) in length and weighing 3.8 to 8.2 kg (8.4 to 18.1 lb). [13] [14] Although the sexes look the same, females have shorter wings and beaks and weigh significantly less. [14] The adult is black on the head, throat and upper parts, with snowy white underparts.
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The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica. The male and female are similar in plumage and size, reaching 100 cm (39 in) in length and weighing from 22 to 45 kg (49 to 99 lb). Feathers of the head and back are black and sharply delineated from the white belly ...
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