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Nicotine withdrawal is a group of symptoms that occur in the first few weeks after stopping or decreasing use of nicotine.Symptoms include intense cravings for nicotine, anger or irritability, anxiety, depression, impatience, trouble sleeping, restlessness, hunger, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating.
However, if transition is unsuccessful, e-cigarettes could mean increased nicotine dependence (by combining smoking and vaping) and ongoing harm from other e-liquid ingredients. [73] [74] [75] Health benefits associated with transitioning from smoking to vaping include decreased post-smoking weight gain and improved exercise tolerance. [76]
The scientific community in the United States and Europe are primarily concerned with the possible effect of electronic cigarette use on public health. [1] There is concern among public health experts that e-cigarettes could renormalize smoking, weaken measures to control tobacco, [2] and serve as a gateway for smoking among youth. [3]
Chronic nicotine use causes a broad range of neuroplastic adaptations, making quitting hard to accomplish. [187] A 2015 study found that users vaping non-nicotine e-liquid exhibited signs of dependence. [205] Experienced users tend to take longer puffs which may result in higher nicotine intake. [102]
Supported by the National Institutes of Health, the study also compared the subjects' MRI scans to the baseline scans of 10 non-smokers and non-vapers ranging from 21 to 33 years old. supersizer/Getty
Chronic nicotine use causes a broad range of neuroplastic adaptations, making quitting hard to accomplish. [41] A 2015 study found that users vaping non-nicotine e-liquid exhibited signs of dependence. [68] Experienced users tend to take longer puffs which may result in higher nicotine intake. [69]
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [2] [a] is an umbrella term, [15] [16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [3]
The man had a history of smoking cigarettes and also vaped for nine years. Around 54% of those who receive a lung transplant survive for at least five years after surgery.