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Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release ( degranulation ) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins .
Prolonged apnea refers to a patient who has stopped breathing for a long period of time. If the heart muscle contraction is intact, the condition is known as respiratory arrest. An abrupt stop of pulmonary gas exchange lasting for more than five minutes may permanently damage vital organs, especially the brain.
These medications include short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) such as ipratropium, and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) such as tiotropium. Onset of action for SAMAs is typically between 30 and 60 minutes, making these drugs less efficacious in treating acute asthma attacks and bronchospasm. [9]
In athletes, symptoms of bronchospasm such as chest discomfort, breathlessness, ... This page was last edited on 3 December 2024, at 21:06 (UTC).
Bronchospasm may resolve spontaneously in 1–2 hours, or in about 50% of subjects, may become part of a 'late' response, where this initial insult is followed 3–12 hours later with further bronchoconstriction and inflammation. [6]
How long does COVID-19 last? Depending on whether you’ve experienced a mild or severe case of COVID-19, recovery times will vary. When it comes to mild cases of COVID-19, “in general, we would ...
For some people, symptoms can last longer. “This is called long Covid or post Covid-19 syndrome. Long Covid is a new condition which is still being studied.”
The issue of bronchospasm acquired prominence in the neuromuscular-blocking agents arena after the withdrawal from clinical use of rapacuronium (Raplon - a steroidal neuromuscular-blocking agent marketed by Organon) in 2001 [9] [10] after several serious events of bronchospasm, [11] [12] including five unexplained fatalities, [13] following its ...