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Blood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but which contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. [1] It is the intravascular part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells).
Instead, plasma cells are identified through flow cytometry by their additional expression of CD138, CD78, and the Interleukin-6 receptor. In humans, CD27 is a good marker for plasma cells; naïve B cells are CD27−, memory B-cells are CD27+ and plasma cells are CD27++. [5] The surface antigen CD138 (syndecan-1) is expressed at high levels. [6]
The interstitial fluid and plasma make up about 97% of the ECF, and a small percentage of this is lymph. Interstitial fluid is the body fluid between blood vessels and cells, [8] containing nutrients from capillaries by diffusion and holding waste products discharged by cells due to metabolism.
Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. [1] Blood is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma.
The transcellular fluid is the portion of total body fluid that is formed by the secretory activity of epithelial cells and is contained within specialized epithelial-lined compartments. Fluid does not normally collect in larger amounts in these spaces, [6] [7] and any significant fluid collection in these spaces is physiologically ...
An acid-base diagram for human plasma, showing the effects on the plasma pH when P CO 2 in mmHg or Standard Base Excess (SBE) occur in excess or are deficient in the plasma [23] Acid–base imbalance occurs when a significant insult causes the blood pH to shift out of the normal range (7.32 to 7.42 [ 16 ] ).
The plasma contains 91.5% water, 7% proteins and 1.5% other solutes. The formed elements are platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. The presence of these formed elements and their interaction with plasma molecules are the main reasons why blood differs so much from ideal Newtonian fluids. [1]
Throughout the body, dissolved compounds have an osmotic pressure. Because large plasma proteins cannot easily cross through the capillary walls, their effect on the osmotic pressure of the capillary interiors will, to some extent, balance out the tendency for fluid to leak out of the capillaries. In other words, the oncotic pressure tends to ...