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Oxymetazoline, sold under the brand name Afrin among others, is a topical decongestant and vasoconstrictor medication. It is available over-the-counter as a nasal spray to treat nasal congestion and nosebleeds, as eye drops to treat eye redness due to minor irritation, and (in the United States) as a prescription topical cream to treat persistent facial redness due to rosacea in adults.
It can also be damaged by trauma from a finger nail (nose picking), as it is fragile. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is the usual site for nosebleeds in children and young adults. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] A physician may use a nasal speculum to see that an anterior nosebleed comes from Kiesselbach's plexus.
This method involves applying a chemical such as silver nitrate to the nasal mucosa, which burns and seals off the bleeding. [12] Eventually the nasal tissue to which the chemical is applied will undergo necrosis. [12] This form of treatment is best for mild bleeds, especially in children, that are clearly visible. [12]
Arterial bleeding: As the name suggests, blood flow originating in an artery. With this type of bleeding, the blood is typically bright red to yellowish in colour, due to the high degree of oxygenation. Blood typically exits the wound in spurts, rather than in a steady flow; the blood spurts out in time with the heartbeat. The amount of blood ...
A normal nasal septum is rigid and thin. If you have a septal hematoma, your doctor will be able to press it down with a swab as the area will be soft. A quick check in the nose will show any swelling between the nostrils. Symptoms can include: blockage in breathing; change in nose shape; painful swelling of nasal septum; nasal congestion. [5]
Rhinitis medicamentosa (or RM, also known as rebound congestion) is a condition of rebound nasal congestion suspected to be brought on by extended use of topical decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, xylometazoline, and naphazoline nasal sprays) and certain oral medications (e.g., sympathomimetic amines and various 2-imidazolines) that constrict blood vessels in the lining of the ...
The use of the tube was originally described in 1950, [1] although similar approaches to bleeding varices were described by Westphal in 1930. [2] With the advent of modern endoscopic techniques which can rapidly and definitively control variceal bleeding, Sengstaken–Blakemore tubes are rarely used at present.
If the tube is to remain in place then a tube position check is recommended before each feed and at least once per day. Only smaller diameter (12 Fr or less in adults) nasogastric tubes are appropriate for long-term feeding, so as to avoid irritation and erosion of the nasal mucosa. These tubes often have guidewires to facilitate insertion.